In Wax badan ayaa naga dhexeeya beeraha casriga ah.In la soo saaro cunto tayo leh, la yareeyo khasaaraha, loona sameeyo si ixtiraam deegaanka iyo caafimaadka dadka, iyadoo kor loo qaadayo. la qabsiga dabiiciga ah ee abaartaDhibaatadu waxay tahay in qalabka kiimikaad ee dhaqameedku ay si sii kordheysa u xaddidan yihiin, ay dhaliyaan iska caabbinta cudur-sidaha, iyo, sidoo kale, kumana habboona baahida cusub ee joogtaynta.
Xaaladdan oo kale, Elicitors dabiiciga ah ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah hantida ugu weyn si loo maareeyo cayayaanka, cudurrada, iyo walbahaarka adoon si weyn ugu tiirsanayn sunta cayayaanka ee synthetic. Halkii ay si toos ah u dili lahaayeen cudur-sidaha, xeryahoodani waxay "tababaraan" geedka, iyagoo dhaqaajinaya nidaamkooda difaaca waxayna u diyaarinayaan inay si ka wanaagsan uga jawaabaan fangaska, bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, cayayaanka, ama arrimaha abiotic sida abaarta, qabow, ama salinity.
Maxay yihiin elicitors dabiiciga ah iyo sababta ay u xiiso badan yihiin?
Marka aan ka hadalno elicitors, waxaan u jeednaa molecules awood u leh inay kiciyaan difaaca gudaha ee dhirtaWaxay ka soo saari karaan dhirta dhirta, fungi, bakteeriyada, derbiyada unugyada, dheef-shiid kiimikaad sare, phytohormones, ama xitaa xeryahooda aan organic ahayn iyo kicinta jirka. Ma aha bacrimiyeyaasha caadiga ah ama fungicides, inkastoo qaar ay jiraan. fungicides dabiiciga ah oo ka shaqeeya sariiraha abuurka iyo maareynta deegaanka.
Xaaladaha ay u dhaqmaan sida dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha aqoonsiga dhirta-pathogenWaxay ku xidhaan reseptors gaar ah oo ku yaal xuubka balasmaha, halkaasna, waxay kiciyaan cascade calaamad muujinaysa muujinta boqollaal hidde-side oo la xidhiidha difaaca. Natiijadu waa xaalad "feejignaan difaac" oo inta badan ka baxsan barta hore ee codsiga.
Marka loo eego asalkooda, elicitors waxaa badanaa loo kala saaraa digaag iyo jibbaarIskudhisyada endogenous waa jajab ama unugyo ka dhex abuurma geedka laftiisa, sida jajabka gidaarka unugga ee la sii daayo dhaawaca ama walbahaarka ka dib. Iskudhisyada dibadda ah waxay ka soo jeedaan cudur-sidaha (jajabinta fangaska, bakteeriyada, fayrasyada), noolaha faa'iido u leh, dhirta dhirta, ama walxaha kiimikaad ee dibadda laga mariyo.
Shuruudaha kale ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa dabeecadiisa: biotic iyo abiotic ecitorsQodobbada noolaha waxaa ka mid ah karbohaydraytyo isku dhafan oo ku jira gidaarada unugyada, oligosaccharides, borotiinada, enzymes, iyo asiidhyada dufanka leh sida arachidonic acid. Qodobbada Abiotic waxay ka kooban yihiin cusbada macdan, shucaaca UV, heerkulka hooseeya, xeryahooda aan noolaha ahayn sida sodium silicate, iyo gaaska sida ozone iyo COâ‚‚.2 iyo xitaa daawaynta jirka sida kulaylka ama iftiinka garaaca.
Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in, ka dib ficilka elicitor, geedka wuxuu galaa xaalad Iska caabin habaysan oo la helay (SAR) ama iska caabin habaysan (ISR)Xaaladdan, hababka difaaca ayaa la hawlgeliyaa ama "horay loo soo dallacay," si marka cudur-sidaha dhabta ah uu yimaado, jawaabtu waa dhakhso, aad u xoog badan, iyo waxtar badan, xitaa xubnaha aan si toos ah loo daaweyn.
Sida difaacu u shaqeeyo: SAR, ISR, iyo dariiqooyinka hoormoonka ee muhiimka ah
Difaaca dhirta waxaa loo habeeyey laba heer oo waaweyn: difaac hore loo habeeyey iyo difaacyo la kiciyayKuwa hore loo sameeyay ayaa ah caqabadaha jireed iyo kiimikaad ee horeyba u yimid "standard": cuticle waxy, dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay epidermis, trichomes, halabuurka cuticle, sifooyinka stomata iyo lentil, ama joogitaanka walxaha sida terpenes, alkaloids, phenols ama saponins.
Difaacyada la kiciyay waxa la hawlgeliyaa oo keliya marka ay dhirtu ogaato weerar ama kicinta walaaca. Isla markaas, waxa loogu yeero Dareen-celin xasaasiyadeed (HR), Dhimashada unugga gudaha ee barta caabuqa, oo ay horseedo isbeddel degdeg ah oo ku yimaada qulqulka ion, fosfooraska/dephosphorylations iyo wax soo saarka xooggan ee noocyada ogsijiinta falcelinta (ROS) sida H2O2 iyo radical superoxide, oo ay la socoto korodhka nitric oxide (NO).
Dareen-celintani waxay xaddidaysaa horu-mareenka cudur-sidaha waxayna la socotaa isku-darka Phytoalexins iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaad kale oo difaacaKuwaas waxaa ka mid ah phenols, lignin, tannins, flavonoids, glucosinolates, glucanases, chitinases, lectins, terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, iyo kuwo kale. Dhirta cayayaanka u adkaysata, xeryahooda farageliya koritaanka cayayaanka iyo bacriminta ayaa sidoo kale ku urura.
Elicitors ayaa si sax ah uga faa'iidaysanaya nidaamkan: Waxay u ekaysiiyaan joogitaanka weerarka iyada oo aan cudur-sidaha cudur-sidaha dhab ahaantii waxyeello u geysan.Sidan oo kale, geedku wuxuu horay u dhaqaajiyaa hababka difaaca wuxuuna yareeyaa nuglaanshaha mustaqbalka. Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu talinayaa in daawaynta soo jiidata la marsado ka hor inta uusan cudur-sidaha imaanin oo la raacin talooyin si looga fogaado weerarrada cayayaankama aha markii cudurku si buuxda u dhisan yahay.
Phytohormones waxay door aasaasi ah ka ciyaartaa dhammaan geeddi-socodkan. Labada waddo ee aadka loo bartay waa kuwa salicylic acid (SA) iyo jasonic acid (JA)Kuwaas waxaa ku biiray ethylene iyo, xaaladaha walaaca abiotic, abscisic acid (ABA). AS waxay si dhow ugu xidhan tahay SAR, gaar ahaan ka-hortagga cudurada biotrophic; AJ iyo ethylene waxay aad ugu xiran yihiin difaaca ka hortagga cudurada necrotrophic iyo herbivores.
Isu-dheellitirka labada waddo waa muhiim: Calaamadaynta AS ee xad-dhaafka ah waxay ka dhigi kartaa geedka mid aad ugu nugul cayayaankaIyadoo firfircoonida dheeraadka ah ee AJ ay yareyn karto iska caabinta cudur-sidaha qaarkood oo ay ciqaabto korriinka, maadaama kheyraadka loo weeciyo difaaca halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen wax soo saarka noole.
Taasi waa sababta jiilka cusub ee alaabada ganacsiga, gaar ahaan kuwa asalka dabiiciga ah, loo qaabeeyey u habeeyaan waddooyinka AS, AJ iyo ethylene si dheellitiranraadinta ilaalinta caalamiga ah iyada oo aan la carqaladeynin xoogga ama wax soo saarka dalagga.
Kakanaanta isticmaalka elicitors: qiyaasta, isku dhafka iyo deegaanka
Isticmaalka elicitors maaha mid fudud sida codsashada fungicide xiriirinta iyo illowsigeeda. Si ay si sax ah u shaqeeyaan, taxaddarrada qaarkood ayaa lagama maarmaan ah. u hagaaji qiyaasta iyo wakhtiga codsiga si sax ahQiyaasaha aadka u hooseeya waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u kicin difaac ku filan, iyo qiyaasaha aadka u sarreeya waxay keeni karaan jawaab celin aan dheellitirnayn oo wax u dhimaysa koritaanka ama sababa phytotoxicity.
Waa inaan sidoo kale tixgelinno waafaqsanaanta alaabta kale ee barnaamijka maamulkaElicitors Qaar ka mid ah waxay lumin karaan waxtarka haddii lagu qaso cayayaanka qaarkood ama bacriminta, ama liddi ku ah, waxay faragelin karaan ficilka daaweynta kale. Hubinta calaamadaha, samaynta imtixaanada horudhaca ah, iyo raadinta latalinta farsamada ayaa fure u ah iska ilaali cayayaanka ku dhaca dhirta oo kor u qaad waxtarka.
ka Xaaladaha deegaanka ee waqtiga daawaynta waxay leeyihiin saameyn weynHeerkulka, qoyaanka qaraabada ah, shucaaca qorraxda, iyo heerka biyaha dalagga ayaa saameeya nuugista, beddelka, iyo jawaabta jireed. Isla badeecada waxay keeni kartaa natiijooyin aad u fiican hal macnaha guud iyo natiijooyin dhexdhexaad ah mid kale haddii doorsoomayaashan aan xisaabta lagu darin.
Dabagalku sidoo kale waa muhiim. Fikrad ahaan, isticmaalka elicitors waa in ay la socoto kormeer wanaagsan. la socodka muuqaalka iyo, halka ay suurtagal tahay, falanqaynta shaybaadhka si loo hubiyo isbeddelada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka difaaca, enzymes-ka antioxidant, ama cabbirrada tayada. Tani waxay sahlaysaa in la hagaajiyo qiyaasta, inta jeer, iyo isku darka hababka maamulka kale.
Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in elicitors aysan ahayn usha sixirka: Xaaladaha walaaca daran ama maaraynta ku filan, difaaca dabiiciga ah ayaa hoos u dhacayaAgrochemicals synthetic ee xad dhaafka ah, isbeddelada degdega ah ee heerkulka iyo qoyaanka, shucaaca aadka u daran, ama abaarta daran waxay dabooli kartaa awoodda habka difaaca dhirta waxayna yareyn kartaa waxtarka istaraatiijiyad kasta oo ka hortag ah.
Elicitors dabiiciga ah ee goosashada ka hor iyo ka dib: hagaajinta tayada iyo ilaalinta
Marka laga soo tago xakamaynta tooska ah ee cudurka inta lagu jiro wareegga dalagga, elicitors waxay caddeeyeen inay yihiin qalab aad u xiiso badan kordhinta waxa ku jira xeryahooda phytochemical iyo hagaajinta ilaalinta goosashada kadibDaraasado badan oo saynis ah ayaa baadhay saamaynta ay ku leedahay marka lagu dabaqo berrinka iyo si toos ah midhaha hore loo goostay.
In cherry, tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka goosashada ka hor ee oxalic acid (OA) noocyo kala duwan sida 'Wadnaha Macaan' iyo 'Macaan Late'Codsaday qiyaaso kala duwan (0,5, 1 iyo 2 mM) waqtiyada muhiimka ah ee horumarinta miraha (dhagax adag, bilawga isbeddelka midabka iyo bilawga bislaanshaha), AO waxay kordhisay xajmiga, mugga iyo miisaanka jeeriga, iyo sidoo kale hagaajinta midabka iyo adkeynta, iyadoo 2 mM ay tahay qiyaasta ugu waxtarka badan.
Daawaynta noocaan ah waxay sidoo kale keentay a maadada kordhaysa ee xeryahooda bioactive iyo awoodda antioxidant Waqtiga goosashada, miraha waxay leeyihiin heerar sare oo anthocyanins ah, flavonoids, iyo derivatives chlorogenic acid. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah xeryahooda waxay si toos ah ula xiriiraan soo jiidashada muuqaalka miraha iyo faa'iidooyinka caafimaad ee macaamiisha.
Plomme noocyo kala duwan ah sida 'Black Splendor' iyo 'Royal Rosa', oxalic acid iyo kuwa kale ee dabiiciga ah sida methyl jasmonate (JaMe), salicylic acid (AS), acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) iyo methyl salicylate (SaMe) Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen natiijooyin aad u wanaagsan. Waxaa lagu dabaqay heerar kala duwan oo koritaan ah iyo heerar kala duwan, ka dib markii la doortay midka ugu waxtarka badan ee tayada iyo falanqaynta phytochemical.
Daraasadahan ayaa lagu arkay a wax soo saarka oo kordhay iyo tayada tayada oo la hagaajiyay (miisaanka, adkaanta, midabka, adkaha milmaya, iyo wadarta aysiidhka) labadaba xilliga goosashada iyo ka dib kaydinta qabowga dheer. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerarka sare ee wadarta phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, iyo ascorbic acid ayaa la ilaaliyay, oo ay weheliyaan waxqabadyo waaweyn oo ah enzymes antioxidant sida peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), iyo ascorbate peroxidase (APX).
In artichokes, codsiga goosashada hore ee AO iyo JaMe ee noocyada 'Blanca de Tudela' waxay lahaayeen saameyn isku mid ah: boqolkiiba sare ee madaxda heerka koowaadKordhinta wadarta dhaqdhaqaaqa antioxidant-ka iyo waxa ka kooban hydroxycinnamic acids iyo luteolins-ka ayaa la arkay labadaba xilliga goosashada iyo inta lagu jiro kaydinta qabowga. Qalab gaar ah, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide 3-O-glucoside, ayaa xitaa lagu aqoonsaday markii ugu horeysay ee artichokes.
Methyl jasmonate, gaar ahaan, waxay muujisay dabeecad xiiso leh: Heerarka ugu hooseeya (0,5 mM) ayaa ka caawiyay inay gaabiyaan bislaanshaha iyo dhimista miisaanka Xakamaynta goosashada ka dib ee plums, qiyaasaha 2 mM waxay yareeyeen soosaarka etylene iyo neefsiga, halka qiyaasaha 2mM ay dardar galiyeen habka bislaanshaha. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in qiyaasta ay saameynayso kaliya ma aha xoojinta jawaabta difaaca, laakiin sidoo kale bislaanshaha jireed.
Daawaynta goosashada ka hor ee AS, AAS iyo SaMe ee geedaha tubta ayaa sidoo kale kor u qaaday tayada: adkeysi weyn, miisaan weyn iyo uruurinta sare ee acids organic iyo sonkortaiyo sidoo kale phenols iyo anthocyanins (sida cyanidin 3-O-glucoside iyo cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) iyo carotenoids. Inta lagu jiro kaydinta, mirahan la daweeyay ayaa si ka sii wanaagsan u xajistay midabkooda, aysidhka, iyo xeryahooda bioactive.
Elicitors-goosashada ka dib si loo yareeyo khasaaraha iyo qashinka kiimikada
Mid ka mid ah welwelka ugu weyn ee maanta waa taas Ku dhawaad ​​kala badh wax soo saarka miraha iyo khudaarta adduunka ayaa lumaya goosashada ka dib.Fungus ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee khasaarahan. Fungicides-ka synthetic ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo isticmaali jiray si loo xakameeyo cudurrada inta lagu jiro kaydinta, laakiin isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee alaabooyinkan waxay keenaysaa caabbinta, hadhaaga cuntada, iyo dhibaatooyinka deegaanka.
Elicitors noolaha ayaa caan ku noqday sida Istaraatiijiyad aan waxyeello lahayn si loo dhaqaajiyo nidaamka difaaca midhaha goosashada ka dibMarka lagu dabaqo daawaynta immersion, dahaarka, nebulization, ama jawiga wax laga beddelay, waxay kicin karaan isku-dhafka antimicrobial iyo metabolite sare ee antioxidant, yaraynta dhacdooyinka cudurrada iyo kordhinta nolosha shelf; Qaar badan oo ka mid ah beddelladan ayaa lagu soo daray isku-duwidda dawooyinka dhaqanka dhamaystirid.
Ka mid ah dheef-shiid kiimikaadka la kiciyay, kuwan soo socda ayaa ka muuqda: xeryahooda phenolic, flavonoids, lignin iyo phytoalexinsEnsaymes-yadani waxay xoojiyaan qaab-dhismeedka gidaarka unugga, waxay xaddidaan dhexgalka pathogene, waxayna wanaajiyaan awoodda guud ee antioxidant. Isla mar ahaantaana, dhaqdhaqaaqa enzymes muhiimka ah sida phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, iyo polyphenol oxidase ayaa kordhay, hoos u dhigista peroxidation lipid ee xuubabka iyo walbahaarka oksaydhka ee la xidhiidha caabuqa.
Miraha waxay ogaanayaan cudur-sidaha reseptors aqoonsiga ee xuubka balasmahaNidaamyadani waxay kiciyaan soo saarista ROS, firfircoonida borotiinnada G, ubiquitin, kinase, calaamadaynta calcium, iyo shabakad isku dhafan oo hormoonno ah iyo arrimo qoraal ah. Waxaas oo dhami waxay ku xidhan yihiin nidaaminta hidda-sidaha difaaca, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah la aqoonsaday iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay tignoolajiyada omics.
Daraasadaha transcriptomic iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee avokado ayaa lagu daweeyay chitosan sida elicitor Waxay muujiyeen firfircoonida dariiqyada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka badan: jawaab-celinta cadaadiska, gudbinta calaamadaha, biosynthesis phenylpropanoid, iyo kororka dheef-shiid kiimikaad sare oo ku lug leh iska caabinta Colletotrichum gloeosporioids. Daraasado la mid ah oo lagu sameeyay Mandarin oo lagu daweeyay lipoppeptides wareeg ah oo ka yimid Bacillus subtilis ayaa muujiyay uruurin weyn oo ah xeryahooda bioactive.
Elicitors kala duwan ayaa lagu tijaabiyay miro kale: Oligochitosan, salicylic acid, iyo khamiirka Pichia membranaefaciens Waxaa lagu muujiyay inay kicinayaan dariiqa phenylpropanoid, oo mas'uul ka ah biosynthesis ee polymers-dhismeedka iyo midabada ilaalinta. Khamiirada lidka ku ah sida Pichia guillermondi ama Kloeckera apiculata, oo lagu dabaqay plums, ayaa si guul leh u xakameynaya Monilinia fructicola, iyadoo isla mar ahaantaana ay dhaqaajisay soo saarista lignin, flavonoids, iyo phenols.
Wakiilada xakamaynta bayoolojiga ee genus Bacillus sidoo kale wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door muuqdaNoocyada sida Bacillus atrophaeus TE7 waxay ku guuleysteen waxtarka biocontrol ee ka sarreeya 85% cambe ka dhanka ah Cladosporium cladosporioides, halka Bacillus subtilis ABS-S14, iyada oo loo marayo lipopeptides wareeg ah, si wax ku ool ah u xakameynaya caaryada cagaaran ee Mandarin waxayna kicisaa muujinta hiddo-wadaha ROS, iyo SAR,2+ iyo ABA.
Marka lagu daro iskudhisyada organic, kuwan soo socda ayaa la qiimeeyay: polysaccharides dabiiciga ah sida chitosan, fructooligosaccharides, carrageenans, fucans ama fructans agaveDhammaan kuwan waxay muujiyeen natiijooyin wanaagsan oo lagu xakameynayo cudurrada sida anthracnose ee avocado. Dheef-shiid kiimikaad kale sida epicatechin, quercetin, saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah, iyo peptides antimicrobial (mytichitin-CB, epsilon-poly-L-lysine) ayaa muujiyay waxtarka yaanyada cherry, tufaaxa, iyo strawberries.
ka Elicitors inorganic iyo gaasas dibadda ah Mana ka fog yihiin: Silicon, sodium carbonate, CO2Ozone ama nitrous oxide ayaa la muujiyay in ay wanaajiso cadaadiska iyo jawaab celinta cudurka ee mandarins, canab, jujubes, qaraha, iyo miraha kale. Xaaladda CO22Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la muujiyay in ay dhaqaajiso hiddo-wadaha la xidhiidha walaaca abiotic iyo in la yareeyo muujinta enzymes ee hoos u dhigaya derbiga unugyada, kordhinta adkeynta iyo nolosha shelf ee midhaha.
Marka la eego heerka jir ahaaneed, qaar badan oo ka mid ah daaweyntan ayaa keena isbeddello qoto dheer oo ku yimaada tamarta iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaadka oksaydhkaDaraasadaha borotiinka ee mitochondria ee miraha la daweeyay waxay muujinayaan isbeddelada borotiinnada birta-ku-xidha, ATPases, oxidoreductases iyo enzymes ee wareegyada glycolytic iyo tricarboxylic acid, samaynta shabakado isdhexgalka oo xoojiya caabbinta iyadoo la ilaalinayo dheelitirka tamarta.
Ecitors ee cawska iyo dalagyada degdega ah: fosfit iyo hormoonnada muhiimka ah
Isticmaalka elicitors kuma koobna geedaha miraha ama khudaarta. Waxa kale oo la arkay inay wax ku ool u yihiin ciyaaraha iyo cawska qurxinta. Shaqada saxda ah ee hababka difaaca dabiiciga ah ayaa muhiim ah. si ay uga hortagto weerarada fangaska, bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, nematodes iyo, isla markaana, la qabsato arrimaha abiotic sida dhaxan, abaarta, cusbada ama kulaylka xad dhaafka ah.
Nidaamyadan dhul-daaqeedka ah, difaacyadu waxay u shaqeeyaan laba heer: mid jawaab celin firfircoon oo ku salaysan caqabadaha jireed iyo kiimikaad (cuticle, gidaarka unugga, terpenes, alkaloids, phenols, iwm.) iyo jawaab-celin dadban oo ku xiran iska caabinta deegaanka iyo nidaamka. Elicitors, oo ay soo saartay geedka laftiisa oo ka jawaabaya walaaca ama dibedda laga mariyo, ayaa kiciya jawaabahan.
Mid ka mid ah elictors-ka ugu caansan ee cawska ayaa ah phosphite (HPO)3-2)Caan ku ah kicinta samaynta phytoalexins ee la xidhiidha terpenes, alkaloids, iyo phenols, waxay si gaar ah saameyn muuqata ugu leedahay fangaska oomycete sida Phytophthora iyo Pythium. Adeegsigeedu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah xeeladaha maaraynta caqliga leh si loo yareeyo ku tiirsanaanta fungicides-ka caadiga ah.
Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, kuwan soo socda ayaa sidoo kale la aqoonsaday Unugyada kale ee leh elictor shaqada cawskaSida salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, iyo abscisic acid. Hormoonnadani waxay nidaamiyaan muujinta hiddo-wadaha ee borotiinnada la xidhiidha pathogenesis-ka (PR), kuwaas oo ku lug leh ilaalinta fungi, bakteeriyada, fayraska, iyo xitaa nematodes.
Heerka koowaad ee jawaab celinta walaaca ee cawska cawska waa deegaanka, oo la xidhiidha isku dhafka phytoalexins ee enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)Korodhka PAL wuxuu ku xidhan yahay iska caabin guud oo weyn. Midda labaad, heerka nidaamka ayaa ku lug leh firfircoonida hiddo-wadaha PR ee loo qaybiyay geedka oo dhan, oo inta badan dhexdhexaadiya salicylic acid, sida lagu qeexay daraasado badan oo jireed.
Marka lagu jiro xaaladaha walaaca ba'an - abaarta daba dheeraatay, isticmaalka xad dhaafka ah ee agrochemicals, ama heerkulka xooggan ee isbeddelka - nidaamka difaaca cawska ayaa dhibban. Xaaladahan oo kale, Elicitor iyo alaabta biostimulant waxay noqdaan gargaar lagama maarmaan ah si loo soo celiyo dheelitirka, loo yareeyo burburka, oo loo ilaaliyo dheellitirka iyo muuqaalka muuqaalka cagaarka, tiirarka, ama garoomada kubadda cagta.
BestCure iyo qaabab kale oo ganacsi oo ku salaysan waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah
In badan oo ka mid ah hal-abuurka cusub ee caafimaadka dhirta ayaa ku wareegsan qaabab isku dhafan Dhaqdhaqaaqa tooska ah ee biocidal oo leh awoodda ellicitorMid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan waa BestCure, oo laga soo saaray liinta oo u dhaqma si laba-qaab ah: waxay si toos ah u xakameeyaan cudurrada fangas iyo bakteeriyada qaarkood, isla mar ahaantaana, waxay dhaqaajiyaan difaaca dabiiciga ah ee dhirta.
Noocyada noocaan ah waxaa loogu talagalay in aan la carqaladayn wax-soo-saarka noole ama wax-soo-saarkaTani waa si sax ah sababtoo ah waxay wax ka beddelaan, hab dheellitiran, dariiqyada hormoonnada ee ku lug leh difaaca iyo koritaanka. Xaaladda gaarka ah ee BestCure, awoodda ay u leedahay in ay dhaqaajiso caabbinta Habaysan ee La Helo (SAR), oo ay dhexdhexaadisay salicylic acid, iyo iska caabin habaysan (SIR), oo ku xidhan jasmonic acid iyo ethylene, ayaa lagu sifeeyay.
Isku darka SAR iyo ISR waxay oggolaataa a difaac dhamaystiran oo ka dhan ah biotrophic iyo necrotrophic pathogensiyo sidoo kale jawaab celinta la wanaajiyey ee cayayaanka herbivorous. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyada oo si nidaamsan u hawlgelinaysa hababka difaaca, dhirta ayaa "diyaar u ah" caabuqyada mustaqbalka, iyada oo la yareeyo saameynta weerar kasta oo cusub.
Waxa xiisaha leh ee ku saabsan khadka badeecadan waa taas Waxay si fiican ugu habboon yihiin barnaamijyada maaraynta isku dhafan iyo beeraha waaraWaxay u oggolaanayaan dhimista qiyaasaha sunta cayayaanka caadiga ah, waxay hagaajiyaan dulqaadka cadaadiska, waxayna kordhiyaan tayada iyo nolosha ka dib goosashada alaabta, iyada oo la ilaalinayo heerarka sare ee xeryahooda bioactive faa'iido u leh caafimaadka bini'aadamka.
Horumarinta qaababkan waxaa taageeray mug weyn oo cilmi baaris ah, oo ka muuqda Maqaallo iyo dib u eegis cilmiyeed ku saabsan doorka ecitors ee ilaalinta dalaggamarka laga eego dhinaca physiological iyo molecular labadaba. Daraasadaha joornaalada saamaynta sare leh waxay ku falanqeeyeen saamaynta ay ku leedahay muujinta hidda-wadaha, metabolomics-ka miraha, iyo isdhexgalka dhirta-microorganism, iyo sidoo kale suurtagalnimada ilaalinta dalagga oo sii waaraya.
Dhammaan cadaymahani waxay muujinayaan in elicitors-ka dabiiciga ah-ha ah kuwa laga soo saaro botanical, polysaccharides, hormoonnada dhirta, microorganisms faa'iido leh, gaas, ama xeryahooda aan noolayn-ay bixiyaan Hab adag oo lagu xoojiyo habka difaaca dhirta iyo hagaajinta tayada, dhalidda iyo ilaalintaIsticmaalkeeda saxda ah, oo leh talo farsamo, hagaajinta qiyaasta, ixtiraamka xaaladaha deegaanka iyo waafaqsanaanta hababka kale ee maaraynta, waxay u oggolaaneysaa hoos u dhigista isticmaalka kiimikooyinka synthetic iyo horumarka loo maro beero adkeysi leh, faa'iido leh iyo deegaan saaxiibtinimo leh.
