Maanta waxaan diiradda saari doonaa mid ka mid ah digada ugu fiican ee loo isticmaalo sida bacrimintadigada idaha. Waxaan falanqeyn doonaa faa'iidooyinkeeda, waxa ay u qabato carrada iyo dhirta, iyo sidoo kale hababka diyaarinta iyo hababka saxda ah ee codsiga ee beerashada iyo beerta.
Maxaad digada idaha ugu doorataa bacriminta organic?
El digada adhiga Waxay ku raaxaysataa sumcad aad u fiican oo ka dhex jirta bacriminta organic composición equilibrada nafaqooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah, qoyaanka ay ku yar tahay, iyo awooda weyn ee lagu hagaajinayo dhismaha ciidda iyo kor u qaadida nolosha microbial. Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee ugu yar, oo ku habboon la qabsiga noocyada kala duwan ee carrada iyo dalagyada.
Isticmaalka digada sida saxda ah loola dhaqmo Waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay nafaqada ciidda iyo, kordhinta, dhirta. Inta badan walxaha dabiiciga ah ee lagu darsado carrada waxay ka yimaadaan compost, mulches kala duwan, iyo, gaar ahaan, digada xoolaha ee la warshadeeyey.
Digada idaha si toos ah ma loo mari karaa?
Qaladka caadiga ah waa in la fekero in Digada si toos ah ayaa loo mari karaa cusub beerta ama beerta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Codsiga tooska ah marna laguma talinayoDigada cusubi waa bayoloji ahaan aan degganayn, waxa laga yaabaa inay lahaato pH aad u sarraysa ama aad u hoosaysa iyo, ka sarreeya dhammaan, heerka sare ee nitrogen ammonia kuwaas oo gubi kara xididada dhirta si xunna u saameeya horumarka dalagga.
Xalku wuxuu ku lug leeyahay habraaca korriinka, bacriminta ama xasilinta, ama kaligiis ama lagu qaso qalabka kale ee dhirta. Sidan oo kale, waxaan u beddelnaa digada bacriminta xasilloon oo ammaan ah dhirta, baabi'inta khatarta phytotoxicity iyo hagaajinta isticmaalkeeda sida bacriminta.
Marka digada laga soo ururiyo xoolaha nool sida idaha iyo riyaha, inta badan waa lagu qasaa sariiraha cawska, taas oo faa'iido u leh habka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka: waxay bixisaa hawo-qaadis waxayna ka caawisaa yaraynta halsano ee aan loo baahnayn ee dhalin kara xeryahooda sunta ah ama luminta nafaqada.
Dhibaatada abuurka iyo sida loo xalliyo
Mid ka mid ah Sababaha ugu muhiimsan ee compost ama digada khamiirin Waa joogitaanka sare ee abuur adventitious laga helo daaqsinka idaha, kaas oo inta badan daaqa meelaha qallafsan oo cuna noocyo kala duwan oo dhir ah. Iniin badan ayaa ka badbaada habka dheefshiidka, haddii digada cusub lagu dabaqo, waxay si fudud ugu biqmi doontaa ciidda bacrinsan, iyadoo la tartameysa dalagyada la doonayo.
El bacriminta habboon Waxay u ogolaataa in la gaaro heerkul sare oo ku filan si loo baabi'iyo suurtagalnimada inta badan abuurkan, sidaas darteed hubinta sahayda badbaadada leh ee walxaha organic iyada oo aan khatarta faafin haramaha.
Digada idaha ma bacriminta ugu fiican?
Marka la barbardhigo digada kale ee xoolaha, digada idaha iyo riyaha waa caadi ee ugu dheeli tiran iyo aashito yar, xitaa in yar oo aasaasi ah. Tani waxay door bidaa in loo isticmaalo tiro balaadhan oo ah carrada iyo dalagyada. Intaa waxa dheer, guud ahaan waxa ku jira nitrogen ka yar lo'da ama digada digaaga, taas oo yaraynaysa khatarta wasakhowga Nitrate-ka oo sahlaysa in si fiican loo xakameeyo bacriminta.
La Saamiga C/N (kaarboon / nitrogen) ee digada idaha sida caadiga ah waa hooseeyo, agagaarka 14-15, marka ku haboon ee compost wanaagsan waa inta u dhaxaysa 20 iyo 25. Tani waxay u ogolaanaysaa codsanaya tiro ka badan oo bacriminta iyada oo aan ka cabsanayn in ka badan xadka nitrogen sharci ah, sidoo kale bixinta qiyaaso muhiim ah potassium iyo fosfooraska. Sidoo kale waad hubin kartaa sifooyinka digada fardaha si loo fahmo farqiga u dhexeeya digada.
Falanqaynta nafaqada ee digada idaha
Qiimaha bacriminta ee digada idaha ayaa lagu arkay iyada falanqaynta nafaqeynta oo dhamaystiran:
| Qoyaanka (%) | 38,5 |
| pH | 8,51 |
| Korantada korantada (dS m-1h) | 11,33 |
| Waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah (%) | 45,6 |
| Lignin (%) | 21,1 |
| Cellulose (%) | 11,4 |
| Hemicellulose (%) | 11 |
| Wadarta kaarboonka organic (TOC,%) | 25,2 |
| Wadarta nitrogen (TN, g kg-1) | 17,7 |
| Ammonium (NH4+, mg kg-1) | 889 |
| Nitrate (NO3-, mg kg-1) | 520 |
| Nitrite (NO2-, mg kg-1) | nd |
| Saamiga C/N | 14,3 |
| Waxa ku jira baruur (%) | 0,5 |
| Karbohaydraytyada biyaha ku milma (%) | 0,4 |
| polyphenols-ka biyaha ku milma (%) | 0,3 |
| Kaarboonka biyaha-milmi kara (COH,%) | 3,5 |
| Fosfooraska (P, g kg-1) | 2,2 |
| Potassium (K, g kg-1) | 16,5 |
| Calcium (Ca, g kg-1) | 100,9 |
| Magnesium (Mg, g kg-1) | 18,7 |
| Sodium (Na, g kg-1) | 3,9 |
| Sulfur (S, g kg-1) | 3,2 |
| Birta (Fe, mg kg-1) | 4139 |
| Copper (Cu, mg kg-1) | 51 |
| Manganese (Mn, mg kg-1) | 226 |
| Zinc (Zn, mg kg-1) | 185 |
| Leedhka (Pb, mg kg-1) | 12 |
| Chromium (Cr, mg kg-1) | 19 |
| Nikkel (Ni, mg kg-1) | 25 |
| Cadmium (Cd, mg kg-1) | nd |
Digada idaha oo si habboon loo daweeyay Waa bacriminta si tartiib tartiib ah u wanaagsan, oo leh ur ka yar kuwa kale xitaa marka ay cusub tahay, oo aan la dareemi karin ka dib marka la curiyo.
Sida loo compost ama u xasiliyo digada idaha
Waxaa jira laba hab oo waaweyn oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta digada idaha:
- Haddii digada caws lagu daray oo keliya la heli karo, waa laga tegayaa ku bislaaday meel tuunsanNidaamku wuxuu kor u qaadaa heerkulka gudaha wuxuuna hubinayaa kala-goynta saxda ah.
- Tuulooyinka compost, waxaa lagu qasi karaa hadhaagii geedaha sida jarista cawska ama manjyada jilicsan, taasoo kordhinaysa qaninimada compost ka dhalanaysa.
Bandhig ganacsi iyo qaababka digada idaha
Digada idaha ayaa laga heli karaa, marka lagu daro tiro badan, gudaha qaab granulated ama pelletizedBandhigani wuxuu fududeeyaa kaydinta, gaadiidka, iyo codsiga dhammaan noocyada dalagyada, iyadoo sidoo kale hubinaysa joogteynta badeecada iyo maqnaanshaha abuurka haramaha.
Tusaale ahaan, pellets digada idaha sida caadiga ah shahaado sida organic, qani ku ahow humic iyo fulvic acids, oo dammaanad qaadka maqnaanshaha phytopathogens waxyeelada leh. Waxa kale oo lagu hodmin karaa noole yar oo dan beereedka, algae iyo amino acids loogu talagalay sii wanaajinta horumarinta dhirta.
Halabuurka caadiga ah ee digada pellet idaha
- Humic acids: 6%
- Wadarta nitrogen: 3% (organic N 2,5%)
- Fosfoor: 3%
- Kalibaalium: 1%
- Kaarboonka dabiiciga ah: 28,5%
- Bir: 1%
- Saamiga C/N: 11,4
- pH: 6
- Qoyaanka ugu badan: 10-14%
- Joogitaanka Ca, Mg, S, Mn iyo Zn
- Ku liita chlorides
- Ay ka buuxaan algae iyo amino acids
Bacrimintani waxay bixiyaan isku-dheelitirnaan iyo si sahlan loo xakameyn karo, oo ku habboon dhammaan noocyada dalagyada, oo leh aad wax ku ool u ah sii deynta gaabis ah ee nafaqooyinka.
Faa'iidooyinka digada idaha organic
- Qiimaha hoose lid ku ah bacriminta kiimikada
- Codsi fudud iyo gaadiid
- Wax ku biirinta walxaha dabiiciga ah ee tayada leh
- Isbeddelka ugu sarreeya ee humus
- Waxay wanaajisaa ogsijiinta iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa microbial ee ciidda
- Waxay fududaysaa nuugista iyo abaabulida nafaqooyinka
- Waxay xoojisaa koritaanka dhirta iyo caafimaadka dhirta
- Waxay wanaajisaa sifooyinka jidheed, kiimikaad iyo bayooloji ee ciidda
Qiyaaso lagu taliyay iyadoo loo eegayo dalagga
- Liin dhanaanta iyo geedaha miraha: 3.500-6.000 kg/ha
- Strawberry iyo khudaarta: 4.000-6.000 kg/hektar
- Galleyda: 2.000-4.000 kg/ha
- Saytuun iyo geed canab ah: 3.500-4.000 kg/ha
- Dalagyada kulaylaha: 3.800-6.000 kg/ha
- Almond: 2-3 kg/geed
- Saytuun: 5-10 kg/geed
- Beerta canabka ah: 0,75-3 kg/canab (waxay kuxirantahay nooca)
- Dalagyada beeraha: 300-800 kg/ha (firiley), 2,5-4 t/ha (baradho, qaraha, qaraha, strawberry)
- Doogga: 50-100 g/m2
Waa lagama maarmaan in la marsado digada ka hor intaan la beerin ama inta lagu jiro xilliga nasashada daaqsinka si loo hubiyo in si habboon loogu daro iyo ka faa'iidaysiga nafaqooyinka.
Isbarbardhigga digada kale: faa'iidooyinka iyo xaddidnaanta
Digada fardaha: Waa dhexdhexaad nafaqo, oo ku habboon hagaajinta dhismaha carrada nabaadguurta, inkastoo ay tahay in lagu daro humus dixiri ah si dheellitirka nafaqadu u fiicnaado.
Digada lo'da: Dhaqan ahaan inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa compost ahaan, laakiin nitrogen ku yar oo si gaar ah faa'iido u leh mulching cimilada qabow.
Digada digaaga: Qani ku ah nitrogen, laakiin aad u acidic ah waana in si taxadar leh loo wajaho si looga fogaado waxyeelo ka timaadda nafaqooyinka xad dhaafka ah, gaar ahaan carrada calcareous.
Digada Bakayle: Aysiidh sare iyo feejignaan nafaqo, waa inay khamiiraan dhowr bilood ka hor inta aan la marin.
guano: Aad ugu urursan nitrogen, fosfooraska iyo potassium, aad ugu fiican wejiyada koritaanka, inkastoo ay tahay in sidoo kale si taxadar leh loo qiyaaso si looga fogaado xad-dhaafka.
Talooyin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka digada idaha
- Tayada digada waxay ku xiran tahay quudinta iyo maaraynta xoolaha. Waxaa roon haddii ay ka timaado idaha si xor ah u daaqaya daaqyo kala duwan.
- El ur digada Idaha ayaa ka yar kana dhib badan kan xoolaha kale, gaar ahaan marka la bacrimiyo.
- Habka bacriminta wuxuu kor u qaadaa heerkulka wuxuuna caawiyaa baabi'inta abuurka iyo cudurada.
- Humuska ka dhasha bacriminta wuxuu kordhiyaa awoodda is-dhaafsiga, wuxuu yareeyaa dheecaanka nafaqada wuxuuna wanaajiyaa faa'iidada bacriminta.
Dalbashada digada idaha si xilkasnimo leh oo si habboon loo diyaariyey waxay beddeshaa ciidda, waxay xoojisaa caafimaadka dhirta, waxayna kor u qaadaysaa deegaan dabiici ah oo waara. Bacriminta dabiiciga ah sida digada idodu waxay u tahay khamaar badbaado leh kuwa raadinaya tayada, dheelitirka, iyo ixtiraamka deegaanka, caawinta dalagyada iyo jardiinooyinka.